环境、健康与安全

化学品 - REACH/CLP

REACH 是一项针对化学品及其安全使用的欧洲法规。它涉及到化学物质的注册、评估、授权和限制。根据 REACH 法规,制造商和进口商可能需要从事的其中一项工作是,收集其商品中所含化学物质的特定属性信息,然后在欧洲化学品管理局 (ECHA) 的中央数据库中登记该信息。

除了 REACH 之外,您的商品可能还需要遵守《物质和混合物分类、标签和包装法规》(CLP 法规)。CLP 法规中涉及的分类标准和贴标规则与联合国的《全球化学品统一分类和标签制度》(GHS) 一致。GHS 所基于的原则是,同一危害品在全球范围内的描述和标签都应该保持一致。

其他资源

欧洲化学品无处不在英语
欧洲化学品管理局英语
德国德国 REACH-CLP 服务中心英语
化学制品德语
法国REACH: Ministère de l'Ecologie, du Développement Durable et de l'Energie法语
意大利REACH: Ministero dell'Ambiente(环境部)意大利语
西班牙REACH-CLP西班牙语


电气和电子设备 - WEEE/RoHS

如果您正在销售电气或电子设备,可能需要遵守欧盟有关危险品使用限制 (RoHS) 及电气和/或电子设备 (WEEE) 废品收集和回收的法规。

以下是您可能要遵守的 WEEE 法规要求:

  • 在商品上显示“打叉的带轮垃圾桶”符号。该标志表明商品不得作为常规垃圾扔弃,而应交给指定的回收中心处理。

  • 在您销售相关商品的任意欧盟成员国,加入经授权的 WEEE 回收再利用计划。


其他资源

欧盟WEEE 指令修订版英语
英国电气与电子设备 (EEE)英语
德国Stiftung Elektro-Altgeräte Register德语
法国DEEE: Ministère de l'Ecologie, du Développement Durable et de l'Energie法语
意大利Centro Di Coordinamento RAEE(废弃电气装置登记处)意大利语
西班牙Registro de aparatos eléctricos y electrónicos(电气和电子设备登记处)西班牙语




电池

如果您销售电池或者含有电池的商品,则可能需要遵守《电池指令》。《电池指令》对电池生产商和经销商的责任做出了具体规定。

以下是您可能要遵守的要求:

  • 在电池上显示“打叉的带轮垃圾桶”符号。该标志表明电池不得作为常规垃圾扔弃,而应交给指定的回收中心处理。

  • 在您销售电池的欧盟成员国,加入经授权的电池回收再利用计划。


其他资源

欧盟欧盟委员会: 电池英语
英国环境署: 电池英语
德国Bundesumweltamt BattG-Melderegister德语
法国Filières de responsabilité élargie du producteur (ERP)(延伸生产者责任部)法语
意大利Ministero dell'Ambiente(环境部)意大利语
西班牙Registro de pilas y acumuladores(电池和蓄电池登记处)西班牙语




包装与包装废弃物

您在欧盟境内销售的有包装商品必须符合欧洲包装与包装废弃物法规。

以下是您可能要遵守的要求:

  • 在您销售商品的任意欧盟成员国,加入经授权的包装回收再利用计划。

  • 在您的包装上显示“可回收”标志(例如,“绿点”标志)。


其他资源

欧盟包装与包装废弃物英语
英国生产者责任英语
德国废弃物 | 资源德语
IXPOS 进口法规英语
法国包装法语
意大利Ministero dell'Ambiente(环境部)意大利语
西班牙包装管理英语




商品合规性

插头和电压

欧洲各国使用不同类型的插头,例如:英式长方形三孔插头和欧式圆形双孔插头。另外,您进口到欧盟境内的商品所需的工作电压也不尽相同。

请务必遵守开店平台所在欧盟成员国有关插头和电压的法规。特别是确保您的买家能够安全地使用您的商品。。

其他资源

欧洲电源插座和适配器插头国际汇总英语
英国DTI: 产品标准英语
法国Legifrance - Retour à l'accueil(生态、可持续发展和能源部关于电子电气设备兼容性的指令)法语
德国IEC - Stecker & Steckdosen(国际电工委员会 - 插头和插座)英语
Verordnung über die Bereitstellung elektrischer Betriebsmittel zur Verwendung innerhalb bestimmter Spannungsgrenzen auf dem Markt (1.ProdSV)(联邦劳动和社会福利部,关于用于特定电压范围的电气装置的市场配置管理)德语
意大利Testata MSE(经济发展部)意大利语
西班牙激光测量产品西班牙语




玩具和游戏

除其他规定外,《欧盟玩具安全指令》还要求:在可预见的正常使用期限内,玩具不得对人的健康或安全构成任何危害。您也可以在商品上标注警示,指出正确的使用方法和使用限制。

其他资源

欧洲玩具安全英语
英国DTI 玩具安全英语
德国BMEL - 产品安全英语
Sicheres Spielzeug(玩具安全)德语
法国La sécurité des jouets(玩具安全)法语
意大利Ministry of Health on Toys(玩具安全指令)意大利语
西班牙La Asociación Española de Fabricantes de Juguetes (AEFJ)(西班牙玩具制造商协会)西班牙语


医疗器械

从简单的绷带到最精密的生命维持产品,都在医疗器械的范畴内。如果您的商品属于医疗器械,则需要遵守《欧盟医疗器械指令》。该指令中的一项规定要求:医疗器械不得在正确植入、维护和使用时对病人、用户或其他人的安全和健康造成危害。

其他资源

欧洲欧洲法规概述英语
医疗器械英语
英国医药与保健:国际贸易法规英语
德国BFARM - 医疗器械英语
法国ANSM: dispositifs médicaux(国家药品与健康产品安全局:医疗器械相关信息)法语
意大利Informazioni generali sugli avvisi di sicurezza - FSN (Field Safety Notice)(关于安全警告的一般规定 - 现场安全提示)意大利语
西班牙AEMPS - 医疗器械西班牙语


药品和化妆品

欧洲各国对于药品和化妆品颁布了各种法规,包括对贴标和包装都有特殊要求。相关法规并未协调统一。例如:在有些欧盟国家作为非处方药销售的商品,在其他欧洲国家则有法律规定只能在药店销售。

其他资源

欧洲药品和化妆品英语
化妆品英语
英国医药和医疗器械规范英语
德国BFARM - 药品英语
Bundesministerium für Gesundheit - Arzneimitteldaten Zentral und Transparent德语
法国ANSM: produits cosmétiques(国家药品与健康产品安全局:化妆品信息法语
ANSM: medicaments(国家药品与健康产品安全局:药品信息)法语
意大利Informazioni generali sugli avvisi di sicurezza - FSN (Field Safety Notice)(关于安全警告的一般规定 - 现场安全提示)意大利语
西班牙Plan de Calidad para el Sistema Nacional de Salud(国家保健系统质量计划)西班牙语


食品

欧洲对于食品和食用商品有许多法规限制。欧洲食品法规尤其致力建立食品和食用商品卫生、动物检疫与安全以及植物检疫的严格标准,并防止外部物质带来的污染风险。

欧洲食品法规还包括:

  • 规定了食品商品的正确贴标规则。通常,商品的贴标语言要求与商品销售地的欧盟成员国所使用的语言一致。

  • 多个欧盟成员国制定了饮料包装强制退还和回收计划。


更多详细信息,您可以通过以下链接查询:

其他资源

欧洲欧洲: 食品安全英语
欧洲: 健康与消费者保护 — 食品英语
欧洲食品安全局英语
英国食品标准局英语
德国FMFA - 食品英语
BLL - Kennzeichnung(德国食品法和食品科学联合会 - 食品标签)德语
法国ANSES(法国食品、环境及职业卫生健康安全局)法语
DGCCRF(竞争、消费和反欺诈总局)法语
意大利Alimenti(食品)意大利语
西班牙Alimentación(食品)西班牙语

More: 请参阅英国进口商品限制列表。

消费者权利

请注意,此处介绍的这些消费者权利仅供说明之用,不构成任何法律建议,也不能替代您与亚马逊或直接与消费者之间达成的任何合同义务。

取消权利

除一些例外情况外,如果欧盟的买家一次性在线购买了多件商品,但是每件商品单独发货,则买家有权在收到订单中最后一件商品后的 14 天内取消购买订单中的任一件商品。即使您没有任何过错,也必须对此商品办理退款并承担运费。您无须退回所有费用,除非下列任何一种情况属实:


  1. 您有过错。

  2. 您同意为买家承担所有费用。

  3. 您未向买家披露或告知您根据法律应向其披露的费用。


例如,您必须向买家退回普通运费,但不退回买家选择的服务所产生的任何额外费用,例如,加急配送费或礼品包装费。同样,如果您明确告知买家,则您无须承担向您返回商品的费用。

请注意,这些消费者权利是您与亚马逊达成(例如 30 天退货保证)或直接与消费者达成的合约性退货权利之外的附加权利。

其他资源

欧洲消费者权利指令英语
英国英国在线和远程销售业务英语
德国Verbraucherportal德语
法国Loi consommation: e-commerce(消费者法:电子商务法语
Achat à distance: droit de rétractation du consommateur(远程购买:消费者撤销权)

意大利消费者权利规则意大利语
消费者权利信息材料

西班牙Derechos básicos de los consumidores(消费者基本权利)西班牙语


法律保证

根据欧盟消费者保护规则,商品卖家在欧盟销售时必须提供 2 年法律保证。这意味着,在商品送达后的 2 年内,您必须对有缺陷的商品进行维修、更换或赔偿。大部分欧盟成员国会假定商品送达后 6 个月内出现的任何明显缺陷为在送达时既已存在,因此您必须负责维修、更换或赔偿。6 个月后,在大多数欧盟成员国境内(法国除外),您可以要求买家证明商品在送达时已存在缺陷。您可以在以下欧盟委员会链接中找到有关法律保证的更多信息。

您除了有义务根据亚马逊退货政策处理买家退货之外,还应履行本法律保证义务。


其他资源

欧洲销售和保证英语
英国英国在线和远程销售业务英语
德国Verbraucherportal德语
法国Achat à distance: livraison du bien ou exécution de la prestation(采购:货物交付或远程执行服务)法语
Garantie légale de conformité(符合法律保障)

意大利法律保证指南意大利语
西班牙Derechos básicos de los consumidores(消费者基本权利)西班牙语




亚马逊官网原文详情:   

Environment, health and safety

Chemicals - REACH/CLP

REACH is the European regulation on chemicals and their safe use. It deals with the Registration, Evaluation, Authorization and Restriction of Chemical substances. Under the REACH regulation, one of the things manufacturers and importers may be required to do is to gather certain information on the properties of the chemical substances in their products, and to register the information in a central database run by the European Chemicals Agency (ECHA).

In addition to REACH, the Regulation for Classification, Labeling, and Packaging of Substances and Mixtures (CLP Regulation) may apply to your products. The CLP Regulation incorporates the classification criteria and labeling rules agreed at the United Nations level, the so-called Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labeling of Chemicals (GHS). GHS is based on the principle that the same hazards should be described and labeled in the same way all around the world.

Other resources

EuropeChemicals are everywhereEnglish
European Chemicals AgencyEnglish
GermanyGerman REACH-CLP HelpdeskEnglish
ChemikalienGerman
FranceREACH: Ministère de l'Ecologie, du Développement Durable et de l'EnergieFrench
ItalyREACH: Ministero dell'AmbienteItalian
SpainREACH-CLPSpanish


Electrical and electronical equipment - WEEE/RoHS

If you are selling electrical or electronic equipment, you may be subject to the EU legislation concerning Restrictions of the Use of Hazardous Substances (RoHS) and/or the collection and recycling of Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment (WEEE).

Some requirements of the WEEE regulations that you may be subject to:

  • Display the "crossed-out wheeled bin" symbol on your products. The symbol indicates that the product should not be disposed of as normal waste, but rather in specific recycling centers.

  • Join an authorized WEEE collection and recycling scheme in any EU member state in which you sell applicable products.

Other resources

EURecast of the WEEE DirectiveEnglish
United KingdomElectrical and electronic equipment (EEE)English
GermanyStiftung Elektro-Altgeräte RegisterGerman
FranceDEEE: Ministère de l'Ecologie, du Développement Durable et de l'EnergieFrench
ItalyCentro Di Coordinamento RAEEItalian
SpainRegistro de aparatos eléctricos y electrónicosSpanish




Batteries

If you sell batteries or products that contain batteries, you may be subject to the Battery Directive. The Battery Directive imposes specific obligations on producers and distributors of batteries.

Some requirements you may be subject:

  • Display the "crossed-out wheeled bin" symbol on your batteries. The symbol indicates that the battery should not be disposed of as normal waste, but rather in specific recycling centers.

  • Join an authorized battery collection and recycling scheme in any European member state in which you sell your batteries.


Other resources

EUEuropean Commission: BatteriesEnglish
United KingdomEnvironment Agency: BatteriesEnglish
GermanyBundesumweltamt BattG-MelderegisterGerman
FranceFilières de responsabilité élargie du producteur (REP)French
ItalyMinistero dell'AmbienteItalian
SpainRegistro de pilas y acumuladoresSpanish




Packaging and packaging waste

Packaged products you sell in the EU must comply with the European Packaging and Packaging Waste regulations.

Some requirements you may be subject to:

  • Join an authorized packaging collection and recycling scheme in any European member state in which you sell your products.

  • Display recycling symbols on your packaging (for example, the "green dot" symbol).

Other resources

The EUPackaging and Packaging WasteEnglish
United KingdomProducer responsibilityEnglish
GermanyAbfall | RessourcenGerman
IXPOS Import RegulationsEnglish
FranceLes emballagesFrench
ItalyMinistero dell'AmbienteItalian
SpainManagement of PackagingEnglish




Product compliance

Plugs and voltage

Countries in Europe use different types of plugs-for instance, the U.K. 3-pin rectangular plug and the continental European 2-pin round plug. In addition, products you import into the EU might work on a different voltage.

Please ensure that you comply with the regulations on plugs and voltage in any EU member state in which you list your products. In particular, your customers should be able to safely use your products. .

Other resources

EuropeElectrical Outlet and Adapter Plug International SummaryEnglish
United KingdomDTI: PRODUCT STANDARDSEnglish
FranceLegifrance - Retour à l'accueilFrench
GermanyIEC - Stecker & SteckdosenEnglish
Verordnung über die Bereitstellung elektrischer Betriebsmittel zur Verwendung innerhalb bestimmter Spannungsgrenzen auf dem Markt (1.ProdSV)German
ItalyTestata MSEItalian
SpainLaser Measurement ProductSpanish




Toys

The European Toys Safety Directive requires, among others things, that it must be possible to use a toy without any danger to one's health or safety during the toy's foreseeable and normal period of use. You may also be required to place warnings on the products that specify the appropriate conditions and limitations of use.

Other resources

EuropeThe safety of toysEnglish
United KingdomDTI Toy SafetyEnglish
GermanyBMEL - Product SafetyEnglish
Sicheres SpielzeugGerman
FranceLa sécurité des jouetsFrench
ItalyMinistry of Health on ToysItalian
SpainLa Asociación Española de Fabricantes de Juguetes (AEFJ)Spanish


Medical devices

Medical devices range from simple products like bandages to the most sophisticated life-supporting products. If your product is considered a medical device, you may be subject to the European Medical Devices Directive. The Directive requires, among other things, that medical devices shall not compromise the safety and health of patients, or users and other persons when properly implanted, maintained, and used.

Other resources

EuropeSummaries of European LegislationEnglish
Medical devicesEnglish
United KingdomHealthcare and medical: international trade regulationsEnglish
GermanyBFARM - Medical DevicesEnglish
FranceANSM: dispositifs médicauxFrench
ItalyInformazioni generali sugli avvisi di sicurezza - FSN (Field Safety Notice)Italian
SpainAEMPS-Medical DevicesSpanish


Pharmaceuticals and cosmetics

Pharmaceuticals and cosmetics are subject to various regulations in Europe, including special labeling and packaging requirements. The regulations are only partially harmonized. For example, a product may be sold over-the-counter in some European member states, while in others it may only be legally sold in pharmacies.

Other resources

EuropePharmaceutical and cosmetic productsEnglish
CosmeticsEnglish
United KingdomRegulating Medicines and Medical DevicesEnglish
GermanyBFARM - Medicinal ProductsEnglish
Bundesministerium für Gesundheit - Arzneimitteldaten Zentral und TransparentGerman
FranceANSM: produits cosmétiquesFrench
ANSM: medicamentsFrench
ItalyInformazioni generali sugli avvisi di sicurezza - FSN (Field Safety Notice)Italian
SpainPlan de Calidad para el Sistema Nacional de SaludSpanish


Food

Food and food products are subject to many regulations in Europe. European food regulations in particular aim at establishing high-quality standards for food and food product hygiene, animal health and welfare, and plant health, and prevent the risk of contamination from external substances.

European food regulations include, among many other things, the following:

  • Specifying rules on appropriate labeling for food products. Often product labeling is required to be in the language of the European member state where the product is sold.

  • Establishing mandatory refund and recycling schemes for beverage packaging in several European member states.


You can find more information at the following links:

Other resources

EuropeEuropa: Food SafetyEnglish
Europa: Health and Consumers - FoodEnglish
European Food Safety AuthorityEnglish
United KingdomFood Standards AgencyEnglish
GermanyFMFA - FoodEnglish
BLL - KennzeichnungGerman
FranceANSESFrench
DGCCRFFrench
ItalyAlimentiItalian
SpainAlimentaciónSpanish

More: See a list of restricted products for import into the United Kingdom.

Consumer rights

Please note that these consumer rights are described for illustrative purposes only and do not constitute any legal advice or substitute for any contractual obligation that you may have agreed upon with Amazon or directly with the consumer.

Rights of cancellation

With some exceptions, consumers in the European Union have the right to cancel a purchase of a product bought online within 14 days of receiving the final item of the order, if they purchased multiple items together that were delivered separately. Even when there is no error from your side, you must refund the item and the shipping costs. You may not have to refund all costs unless one of the following is true:

  1. There is an error on your side.

  2. You agreed to bear all costs for the consumer.

  3. You failed to disclose or inform the customer about the costs that you are legally required to disclose.


For example, you must refund the normal cost of sending the item to the consumer but not any extra costs for services that the customer chooses, such as expedited delivery or gift-wrapping. Similarly, when you expressly inform the consumer, you don't have to bear the cost of returning the product to you.

Please note that these consumer rights are in addition to any contractual return rights that you may have agreed upon with Amazon (e.g. 30-day return guarantee) or directly with the consumer.

Other resources

EuropeThe Directive on Consumer RightsEnglish
United KingdomUK online and distance selling for businessEnglish
GermanyVerbraucherportalGerman
FranceLoi consommation : e-commerceFrench
Achat à distance: droit de rétractation du consommateur

ItalyDecalogue on consumer rightsItalian
Consumer rights information materials

SpainDerechos básicos de los consumidoresSpanish


Legal warranty

Under EU consumer protection rules, the seller of a product must offer a 2-year Legal Warranty when selling in the EU. This means that, during the period of 2 years from the delivery of the product, you must repair, exchange or reimburse a defective product. In most EU countries, any defect that becomes apparent within 6 months from delivery is presumed to have existed at the time of delivery and therefore you must repair, exchange or reimburse it. After 6 months, in most EU countries (France excluded), you can request the customer to prove that the defect already existed at the time of delivery. You can find more information regarding the Legal Warranty in the following link from the European Commission.

This Legal Warranty obligation is in addition to your obligation to process customer returns according to Amazon Return Policy.

Other resources

EuropeSales and GuaranteesEnglish
United KingdomUK online and distance selling for businessEnglish
GermanyVerbraucherportalGerman
FranceAchat à distance: livraison du bien ou exécution de la prestationFrench
Garantie légale de conformité

ItalyGuidelines on legal warrantyItalian
SpainDerechos básicos de los consumidoresSpanish



文章来源:亚马逊官方网站

(本文内容根据网络资料整理,出于传递更多信息之目的,不代表连连国际赞同其观点和立场)